This article investigates how the quality of institutions shapes foreign direct investment (FDI) concentration and assesses the impact on African attractiveness, controlling the effect of bilateral aid. The postcolonial theory and the Evolutionary Economic Approach (EEA) are useful for evaluating the impact of formal and informal institutions in Botswana. Sturdy leadership furthermore directly influenced the adhesiveness of formal and informal institutions in Botswana. Robust governance as well as accountable, all-encompassing, judicious and see-through policy choices were inveterate to be the awe-inspiring factor underlying dramatic and unrelenting economic growth in Botswana. The gratitude and amalgamation of indigenous cultures and knowledge systems into their constitution, accompanied by the forethought of the leaders into the real-world challenges of accomplishments their country, can be regarded as the drivers of Botswana's economic evolution performances. Since independence (1965) Botswana's leaders have go on board on a programme of virtuous governance and the setting up of resilient institutions. Not like many other former British colonial sub-Saharan countries, Botswana has avoided the low-growth paths of many African countries. This article contributes to explaining the prominence of institutional eminence and efficacy in determining economic growth. Furthermore, the article's findings shed light on the hitherto neglected role of informal institutions in the institutional development of former African colonies. Wherever Kanuri pre-colonial institutions conflict with modern, formal institutions of the Nigerian federal state, they set adverse incentives for economic behavior. The article argues that informal Kanuri institutions have prevailed throughout colonial times and still present powerful norms today. It uses a theoretical framework of institutional hierarchy to examine the development of key institutions throughout the pre-colonial, colonial and post-colonial period of the Kanuri. It focuses on the institutional development of the Kanuri, a larger ethnic group in north-eastern Nigeria. This article aims to contribute to filling this gap. While the persistence of informal institutions have been highlighted among others by Douglass North and Oliver Williamson, case studies investigating their influence on institutional development are rare. In this context, colonialism presents a "natural experiment" - a phase in which European institutions were imposed on local and predominantly informal institutions. Among others, institutional research has highlighted the importance of cultural norms and the colonial past. Most institutional economists agree that Africa's overall poor economic performance is connected with its weak institutions.
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